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Alexander Campbell (clergyman)
Alexander Campbell (12 September 1788 – 4 March 1866) was a Scots-Irish immigrant who became an ordained minister in the United States and joined his father Thomas Campbell as a leader of a reform effort that is historically known as the Restoration Movement, and by some as the "Stone-Campbell Movement." It resulted in the development of non-denominational Christian churches, which stressed reliance on Scripture and few essentials.〔McAllister, Lester and Tucker, William E. ''Journey in Faith'' St. Louis, Missouri: The Bethany Press, 1975.〕
Campbell was influenced by similar efforts in Scotland, before emigrating to the United States. He was influenced by James and Robert Haldane, who emphasized a return to original Christianity as found in the New Testament. In 1832, the group of reformers led by the Campbells merged with a similar effort that began under the leadership of Barton W. Stone in Kentucky.〔Douglas Allen Foster and Anthony L. Dunnavant, ''The Encyclopedia of the Stone-Campbell Movement: Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), Christian Churches/Churches of Christ, Churches of Christ'', William B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2004, ISBN 0-8028-3898-7, ISBN 978-0-8028-3898-8, 854 pages, entry on ''Campbell, Alexander''〕 Their congregations identified as Disciples of Christ or Christian churches. Several American church groups have historical roots in the Campbells' efforts, including the Churches of Christ, the Christian churches and churches of Christ, Evangelical Christian Church in Canada,〔Sydney E. Ahlstrom, ''A Religious History of the American People'' (2004)〕〔Melton's Encyclopedia of American Religions (2009)〕 and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ). Alexander Campbell founded Bethany College in Bethany, West Virginia.
==Early life and education==
Alexander Campbell was born 12 September 1788 near Ballymena, in the parish of Broughshane, County Antrim, Ireland.〔〔 His parents were Thomas Campbell and Jane Corneigle Campbell, who were of Scots descent.〔〔 Like his father, he was educated at the University of Glasgow, where he was greatly influenced by Scottish Enlightenment philosophy.〔 He was also influenced by the English philosopher John Locke.〔 At age 21, Alexander emigrated to the United States with his mother and siblings from Scotland, to join his father Thomas, who had emigrated there in 1807.〔 They sailed from Scotland on the ''Latonia'' on August 3, 1809 and landed in New York on September 29, then traveled overland to Philadelphia.〔 They continued to western Pennsylvania, where the senior Campbell was serving as a minister in Washington County on the frontier. Alexander was ordained by his father's Brush Run Church on January 1, 1812.〔
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